How should I approach the management of palpitations in patients with a history of anxiety or panic disorders?
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What are the guidelines for referring a patient to specialist services following a sexual assault?
Following a sexual assault, patients should be referred promptly to specialist services including Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) for medical and leg...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to decide whether to refer a patient with pyelonephritis to secondary care?
Refer a patient with pyelonephritis to secondary care if they:Are significantly dehydrated or unable to take oral fluids and med...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of chlamydia or gonorrhoea?
Initial assessment and referral: For patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of chlamydia or gonorrhoea, refer them to a genito-urinary...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to determine whether to refer a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism to secondary care?
Refer a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism to secondary care if they have signs of haemodynamic instability, such as cardiac arrest, obstructive shock...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a patient with rhinitis to an ENT specialist?
Refer a patient with rhinitis to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist if any of the following indications are present:Symptoms persist despi...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What advice should I provide regarding infant feeding and maternal nutrition during the postnatal period?
Infant Feeding Advice:Encourage exclusive breastfeeding for around the first 6 months, highlighting its nutritional and health b...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current guidelines for referring patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension to a specialist?
Referral Guidelines for Suspected Pulmonary HypertensionPatients with suspected pulmonary hypertension should be referred urgently to...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should be implemented for patients treated for non-melanoma skin cancer to monitor for recurrence?
For patients treated for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, routine follow-up protocols are not explic...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a child with suspected pertussis who has not been vaccinated?
In managing a child with suspected pertussis who has not been vaccinated, immediate clinical assessment is essential, with a low threshold f...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with rectal bleeding and a history of inflammatory bowel disease?
In managing a patient presenting with rectal bleeding who has a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the initial approach should focus on assessing t...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What is the appropriate duration for a trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in managing GERD symptoms before considering further investigation?
The appropriate duration for a trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms before considering ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What imaging modalities are recommended for the diagnosis of pneumothorax in primary care?
In primary care, the recommended imaging modality for diagnosing pneumothorax is a chest X-ray, typically an upright posteroanterior or anteroposteri...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I effectively monitor disease progression and treatment response in patients with psoriatic arthritis?
Effective monitoring of disease progression and treatment response in patients with psoriatic arthritis involves a comprehensive, individualized appr...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I differentiate between viral and bacterial pneumonia in a primary care setting?
In primary care, differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia relies primarily on clinical assessment supported by selective investigations....
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of chlamydia or gonorrhoea?
Initial assessment and referral: For any patient aged 13 years or older presenting with symptoms suggestive of chlamydia or gonorrhoea, stro...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I differentiate between a sickle cell crisis and other acute abdominal conditions in a patient with known sickle cell disease?
To differentiate between a sickle cell crisis and other acute abdominal conditions in a patient with known sickle cell disease, conduct a thorough clinical a...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I document my concerns regarding a child's safety and wellbeing in the medical record?
Document your concerns regarding a child's safety and wellbeing in the medical record by:Recording exactly what you have observe...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What role do topical anesthetics play in the management of premature ejaculation, and how should they be prescribed?
Topical anesthetics play a key role in the management of premature ejaculation by reducing penile sensitivity, thereby delaying ejaculation and impro...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to determine whether a patient with placental abruption requires immediate referral to a specialist?
Criteria for immediate referral of a patient with placental abruption to a specialist include:Signs of haemodynamic instability ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →