clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
Which initial investigations should I perform to assess a patient suspected of having pulmonary hypertension?
Initial investigations for a patient suspected of having pulmonary hypertension should begin with a thorough clinical assessment including history and physic...
How can I effectively assess the psychological impact of sexual assault on a patient during a consultation?
To effectively assess the psychological impact of sexual assault during a clinical consultation, start by creating a safe, private environment...
What lifestyle modifications or preventive measures should I recommend to patients with a history of frequent nosebleeds?
Patients with a history of frequent nosebleeds should be advised on specific lifestyle modifications and preventive measures to reduce recurrence and promote...
What are the guidelines for follow-up care after a patient has been diagnosed with oral cancer?
Follow-up care for patients diagnosed with oral cancer should be structured and risk-adapted, using locally agreed protocols to monitor for disease r...
What are the key signs and symptoms of child maltreatment that I should be aware of during consultations?
Healthcare professionals should be aware of a range of key signs and symptoms of child maltreatment during consultations, which include physical, emotional, ...
What are the key clinical features that differentiate between focal and generalized seizures in adults?
Key clinical features differentiating focal and generalized seizures in adults:Focal seizures originate in one ...
What are the recommended follow-up protocols for patients with risk factors for pancreatic cancer?
Recommended follow-up protocols for patients with risk factors for pancreatic cancer include:Consider surveillance for pancreati...
Which laboratory tests and imaging studies are most useful in confirming a diagnosis of septic arthritis?
Laboratory tests most useful in confirming septic arthritis include:Synovial fluid analysis obtained by joint aspiration, includ...
How can I differentiate between allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis in a patient presenting with nasal symptoms?
To differentiate between allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis in a patient presenting with nasal symptoms, a detailed clinical history and targeted in...
What are the referral criteria for specialist mental health services for patients with PTSD?
Referral criteria for specialist mental health services for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include:Referral...
Which initial investigations should be performed to confirm the presence of a pleural effusion in primary care?
Initial investigations in primary care to confirm the presence of a pleural effusion include:Clinical examination focusing on ch...
How can I assess a patient's readiness to quit smoking during a consultation?
To assess a patient's readiness to quit smoking during a consultation, start by asking if they currently smoke or have recently stopped smoking at every oppo...
When should I consider referring a patient with psoriatic arthritis to a rheumatologist?
Arrange an urgent referral to a rheumatologist if a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is suspected, to reduce the risk of erosive and progressive joint damage...
What investigations are necessary to evaluate the severity of pelvic organ prolapse in a primary care setting?
Investigations necessary to evaluate the severity of pelvic organ prolapse in primary care include:Taking a detailed history foc...
What are the recommended screening guidelines for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in asymptomatic patients?
Recommended screening guidelines for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in asymptomatic patients:Offer a full sexual health ...
What are the key clinical features that differentiate acute sinusitis from a common cold?
Key clinical features differentiating acute sinusitis from a common cold include:Duration and progression: Acut...
When should I consider referring a patient with pityriasis versicolor to a dermatologist?
Consider referring a patient with pityriasis versicolor to a dermatologist if:The diagnosis is uncertain or skin scraping micros...
What is the appropriate antibiotic treatment for a confirmed case of pertussis in an adult patient?
Appropriate antibiotic treatment for a confirmed case of pertussis in an adult patient:Prescribe a macrolide antibiotic as first...
What are the referral criteria for a patient with rectal bleeding to a specialist?
Refer adults with unexplained rectal bleeding using a suspected cancer pathway referral for an appointment within 2 weeks 3.Offer quantitat...