How can I differentiate between functional constipation and constipation due to an underlying medical condition in children?
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What criteria should I use to determine when to refer a patient with Crohn's disease to a specialist?
Arrange urgent referral to secondary care (paediatric gastroenterologist for children or gastroenterologist for adults) if Crohn's disease is suspected, for ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How do I differentiate between the various causes of Cushing's syndrome, such as pituitary adenoma versus adrenal causes?
Differentiating the causes of Cushing's syndrome, such as pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease) versus adrenal causes, involves a combination of bioc...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for managing fever in children under 5 years, and when should antipyretics be used?
The recommended first-line treatments for managing fever in children under 5 years are the use of antipyretic drugs such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, dependi...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring an older patient to a falls prevention service?
Older patients should be referred to a falls prevention service if they have had two or more falls in the last 12 months, or if they present for medical atte...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the eligibility criteria for prescribing Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) such as IUDs, IUSs, and implants in primary care?
Eligibility criteria for prescribing long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) such as intrauterine devices (IUDs), intrauterine systems (IUS), an...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with cystic fibrosis who is experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation in primary care?
Management of a patient with cystic fibrosis experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation in primary care:Assess the severity of the ex...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with faecal incontinence to a specialist?
Consider referring a patient with faecal incontinence to a specialist continence service if initial management has failed or symptoms persist despite appropr...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the monitoring and management of a patient with Crohn's disease who is in remission?
Monitoring and management of a patient with Crohn's disease in remission should include:Discuss maintenance treatment op...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I assess the risk of serious illness in a febrile child under 5 years presenting in primary care?
To assess the risk of serious illness in a febrile child under 5 years, healthcare professionals should use the NICE traffic light system, which involves eva...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I implement a multifactorial intervention program to prevent falls in my elderly patients?
To implement a multifactorial intervention program to prevent falls in elderly patients, first conduct a comprehensive, individualized falls risk assessment ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which conservative management strategies are recommended for faecal incontinence in adults?
Conservative management strategies for faecal incontinence in adults include a combination of initial interventions such as dietary modifications to promote ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with delirium to secondary care for further evaluation and management?
Consider referring a patient with delirium to secondary care when there is doubt about the diagnosis, such as difficulty distinguishing between delirium, dem...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the contraindications for prescribing combined hormonal contraception in women with a history of thromboembolic events?
Contraindications for prescribing combined hormonal contraception (CHC) in women with a history of thromboembolic events include:...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What assessment tools are recommended for evaluating fall risk in older patients in primary care?
Recommended assessment tools for evaluating fall risk in older patients in primary care include the Timed Up & Go test and the Turn ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical signs that indicate a child under 5 years with fever requires urgent referral to secondary care?
Children with 'red' features suggesting a serious or life-threatening cause of febrile illness should be referred urgently to second...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What non-pharmacological interventions are recommended for managing delirium in a primary care setting?
Correct precipitating factors such as infection, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, pain, and sensory impairment should be addressed. This ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial assessments should I perform for a patient presenting with faecal incontinence?
Relevant medical history: Healthcare professionals should perform a focused medical history to identify contributory factors before treatmen...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial investigations should I consider for a patient with a chronic cough lasting more than eight weeks?
For a patient presenting with a chronic cough lasting more than eight weeks, initial investigations in General Practice should consider:C...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features to differentiate mild, moderate, and severe croup in children?
UK guidelines primarily differentiate the severity of croup based on clinical features that indicate the need for hospital admission or emergency care 1...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →