What are the key clinical features to differentiate basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from other skin lesions in primary care?
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
How should I interpret the results of serum B12 and folate levels in the context of macrocytic anaemia?
Interpreting serum vitamin B12 and folate levels in macrocytic anaemia:Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels are essential to identify ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current NICE guidelines for the pharmacological management of ankylosing spondylitis?
Initial pharmacological treatment for axial spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis, involves offering an NSAID at the lowest effective d...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features to consider when diagnosing Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) in a primary care setting?
Key clinical features for diagnosing Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) in primary care include:Sudden onset of brief e...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended surveillance intervals for patients diagnosed with Barrett's oesophagus?
Recommended surveillance intervals for Barrett's oesophagus:For people with long-segment Barrett's oesophagus (3 cm or longer), ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What clinical signs and symptoms should I assess to differentiate between a mild and severe ankle sprain?
To differentiate between a mild and a severe ankle sprain, assess the following clinical signs and symptoms:Pain severity and location:...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended steps for the immediate management of a patient experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation in primary care?
Assess the severity of the exacerbation by taking a detailed history and performing a physical examination, including checking for signs of ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which laboratory tests are most useful in the initial evaluation of a patient suspected to have ankylosing spondylitis?
The most useful laboratory tests in the initial evaluation of a patient suspected to have ankylosing spondylitis are:Human leuko...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that suggest a diagnosis of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in adults?
Key clinical features suggesting Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) in adults include early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pa...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for adults with alopecia areata?
Recommended first-line treatments for adults with alopecia areata include:A trial of potent topical corticosteroids such as beta...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the first-line topical treatments for managing atopic eczema in children?
The first-line topical treatments for managing atopic eczema in children are emollients. Emollients should be used regularly and in large qu...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with stable angina for further investigation or specialist review?
Consider referring a patient with stable angina for further investigation or specialist review if: The angina seems to be progressing rapidly des...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key diagnostic criteria for ADHD in children and adults according to NICE guidelines?
For children and young people, a diagnosis of ADHD requires:Symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and/or inattention that meet t...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa according to the DSM-5?
The key diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa according to the DSM-5 include:Restriction of energy intake le...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that suggest a diagnosis of amyloidosis in a patient presenting with unexplained organ dysfunction?
When a patient presents with unexplained organ dysfunction, key clinical features that may suggest a diagnosis of amyloidosis often depend on the organs affe...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended routine screening tests during antenatal care for healthy pregnant women?
During routine antenatal care for healthy pregnant women, the recommended screening tests include:Measurement of height and weight to calculate b...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What lifestyle modifications should I advise to a patient with stable angina to improve their condition?
Advise the patient to undertake regular physical activity sufficient to increase exercise capacity, starting at a comfortable level and gradually increasing ...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What lifestyle modifications can I recommend to patients with achalasia to help alleviate their symptoms?
Lifestyle modifications for patients with achalasia focus on alleviating symptoms related to impaired oesophageal emptying and dysphagia. Pa...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial investigations should I perform for a patient presenting with macrocytic anaemia to differentiate between B12 and folate deficiency?
For a patient presenting with macrocytic anaemia, the initial investigations to differentiate between vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency involve sp...
16 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for an anal fissure in adults?
Initial first-line treatments for anal fissures in adults focus on conservative measures to promote healing and manage symptoms 1....
16 Aug 2025View Answer →