How can I assess the severity of psoriasis in a patient to guide treatment decisions?
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
How should I interpret a reactive HIV test result, and what are the next steps for confirmation?
A reactive HIV test result indicates that HIV antibodies and/or antigens have been detected, suggesting possible HIV infection. However, a reactive result is...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What lifestyle and dietary modifications should I recommend to patients diagnosed with IBS?
Recommend patients with IBS to eat regular meals with a healthy, balanced diet, and to adjust their fibre intake according to symptoms 1.Ad...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features to consider when diagnosing Parkinson's Disease in a primary care setting?
Key clinical features to consider when diagnosing Parkinson's disease in primary care include:Tremor, typically a resting tremor...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to refer a patient with gout to a specialist for further management?
Consider referring a person with gout to a rheumatology service if: the diagnosis of gout is uncertain 1; treatment is contraindicated, not tolera...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with stage 1 hypertension who has no other cardiovascular risk factors?
For a patient with stage 1 hypertension (clinic blood pressure 140/90 mmHg to 159/99 mmHg and subsequent ambulatory or home blood pressure averages within th...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended treatment options for a patient diagnosed with Q Fever, and how should I monitor their progress?
Treatment options for Q fever: The provided UK guidelines do not specifically address Q fever treatment. However, Q fever, caused by Coxiell...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current NICE guidelines for the management of mild to moderate SLE in primary care?
Current NICE guidelines do not provide a specific, standalone guideline for the management of mild to moderate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in ...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to diagnose Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in a patient presenting with irregular menstrual cycles?
When diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in a patient presenting with irregular menstrual cycles, it is important to recognise that irregular menstru...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I initiate and titrate guideline-recommended medications for a patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
Initiate guideline-recommended medications for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)Start an ACE inhibito...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for acute migraine attacks in adults?
The recommended first-line treatments for acute migraine attacks in adults are oral triptans, NSAIDs, aspirin (900 mg), or paracetamol. SIGN...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to determine whether to refer a patient with kidney stones for specialist evaluation?
Refer a patient with suspected renal or ureteric stones for specialist evaluation if they have signs of systemic infection or sepsis, such as fever, tachycar...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line treatments for managing menopausal symptoms in primary care?
Offer hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to people with vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause 1.For women with a uterus, combined HRT...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What is the recommended antibiotic treatment regimen for early localized Lyme disease in adults?
Recommended antibiotic treatment regimen for early localized Lyme disease in adults:For adults diagnosed with early localized Lyme di...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout, and what are the guidelines for initiating treatment?
Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) should be considered in patients with gout who have: multiple or troublesome flares, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of IBS in a patient with predominant diarrhea versus one with predominant constipation?
Management of IBS with predominant diarrhoea: Advise the patient to reduce intake of insoluble fibre such as wholemeal or high-fibre flour, ...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended first-line pharmacological treatments for managing osteoarthritis in primary care?
Offer a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to people with knee osteoarthritis. Consider a topical NSAID for people with osteoarthrit...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What investigations are recommended before referring a patient with suspected melanoma?
Before referring a patient with suspected melanoma, investigations should include assessment using dermoscopy by trained healthcare professionals 3...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What criteria should I use to refer a patient for suspected lung cancer under the two-week wait pathway?
Refer people using a suspected cancer pathway referral (for an appointment within 2 weeks) for lung cancer if they have chest X-ray findings that suggest lun...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key symptoms that should prompt a referral for suspected lung cancer in primary care?
Key symptoms that should prompt a referral for suspected lung cancer in primary care include:Unexplained cough in people aged 40...
14 Aug 2025View Answer →