What are the current guidelines for the management of keratoconus in primary care, including non-surgical options?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
How should I approach the referral of a patient with keratoconus for specialist management?
Approach to Referral of a Patient with Keratoconus for Specialist ManagementRefer the patient to an ophthalmologist or corneal specia...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical signs and symptoms that suggest a diagnosis of keratoconus in a patient?
Key clinical signs and symptoms suggesting keratoconus include progressive visual deterioration, often presenting as increasing myopia and irregular ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up care is necessary for patients treated for keratoacanthoma to monitor for recurrence?
Follow-up care for patients treated for keratoacanthoma should include regular clinical examination of the treated site and surrounding skin to monit...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended referral criteria for a keratoacanthoma to a dermatologist?
Keratoacanthoma referral criteria: Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly growing skin lesion that can resemble squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The UK ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the management of a keratoacanthoma in a patient with a history of skin cancer?
In managing a keratoacanthoma in a patient with a history of skin cancer, the primary approach should be prompt and complete surgical excision with histologi...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient presenting with skin lesions and a history of HIV?
Approach to Diagnosing Kaposi's Sarcoma in an HIV-Positive Patient with Skin LesionsIn a patient with a history of HIV infection pres...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should be implemented for patients with a history of treated cerebral aneurysms?
Follow-up protocols for patients with a history of treated cerebral aneurysms should include:Agreeing and documenting a personal...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a patient with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm to a neurosurgeon?
Indications for referring a patient with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm to a neurosurgeon include:Confirmation of subarachnoid hae...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I assess the risk of rupture in a patient with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm?
To assess the risk of rupture in a patient with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) including an interventional neuroradiologist ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended imaging modalities for diagnosing unruptured cerebral aneurysms in primary care?
In primary care, there are no direct recommendations to perform imaging for diagnosing unruptured cerebral aneurysms. If an unruptured aneurysm is suspected ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the guidelines for the choice of corticosteroid and local anesthetic for joint injections?
Current guidelines for selecting corticosteroids and local anesthetics for joint injections:Consider intra-articular corticoster...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient for specialist assessment after joint aspiration?
Consider referring a patient for specialist assessment following joint aspiration if:There is suspected persistent synovitis of ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for joint injection and aspiration in patients with osteoarthritis?
Indications for joint injection and aspiration in patients with osteoarthritis include:Relief of significant joint pain and stif...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up is recommended for infants discharged with jaundice after initial assessment?
For infants discharged with jaundice after initial assessment, follow-up should include urgent measurement and recording of the serum bilirubin level...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a newborn with jaundice to a specialist?
Refer a newborn with jaundice to a specialist if there is suspected or obvious jaundice in the first 24 hours of life and urgent medical review is needed to ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How do I differentiate between physiological and pathological jaundice in newborns?
Physiological jaundice typically appears after 24 hours of life, peaks around 3-5 days, and resolves within 1-2 weeks in term infants. It is...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
At what bilirubin level should I consider phototherapy for a neonate with jaundice?
Phototherapy should be considered in babies with a serum bilirubin level that exceeds the management thresholds specified in the threshold table and treatmen...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features to assess in a newborn presenting with jaundice?
When assessing a newborn presenting with jaundice, key clinical features to evaluate include:Visual inspection of jaundice: Exam...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up investigations are recommended for adults with unexplained jaundice after initial assessment?
Follow-up investigations for adults with unexplained jaundice after initial assessment include:Referral for urgent imaging, typi...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →